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INTRODUCTION
2873 Aberdeen is home to an estimated 1,020 Poles. This number is gradually growing every year. Although the Polish community has integrated well with the Scots, there is still prejudice lingering. Statistics from 2017 show that Poles were the ethnic minority group in Aberdeen which had received the most racial discrimination. 70% of a total 144 incidents of discrimination consisted of verbal abuse.
It is important to demolish any type of discrimination towards any race to maintain peace within Aberdeen's communities. I believe that in order to do so, we all have to look back at our history together.
Significant relations between Scotland and Poland date back to at least the 16th century. From that time onwards, whether it was fighting together in WW1 and WW2 or making lucrative trades, our relationship has remained fruitful. In this article I shall be writing about our countries' most cardinal points in history. ROBERT GORDON'S REMUNERATIVE RELATIONS WITH DANZIG
2874 In 17th century Poland, business was at its peak. At the time the country had the same population as Russia. The port town of Danzig - now known as Gdansk - was a worldwide trading centre to which many people migrated in order to make their riches.
It may be a shock to you, but in 1570 the number of Scottish immigrants in Poland was estimated to be 30,000. This is an immense number of immigrants when compared to the relatively small population of Scotland in the 16th century. One of these migrants was Robert Gordon (1668-1731), later to be the founder of Gordon's Hospital; which is now known as Robert Gordon's College and the Robert Gordon University.
Robert Gordon was a merchant trader during his time in Poland and he was successful from early on in his career. With a fortune of £10,000 amassed in Poland he invested in the rebuilding of Marischal College, lent money to estate owners and funded Robert Gordon's School for Boys.
In his Founder's Day oration of 1935, former Gordonian, Sir Alexander Roger, described presenting to the Polish government a photograph of the letter Robert Gordon wrote in 1700 from Warsaw to the people of Aberdeen, describing his plans to set-up up his hospital, and the reaction from the recipients:
"My Polish audience were more than ordinarily interested to learn what the writer of that letter, with a fortune strenuously acquired from Poland two hundred years ago, had been enabled to found a college in Scotland which today offered inestimable benefit balanced and liberal education to a thousands boys." Aberdeen Press and Journal, 27th April 1935
The image to the left is a reproduction of a painted portrait of Robert Gordon taken from The History of Robert Gordon's Hospital Aberdeen 1729 - 1881 (1896) by Robert Anderson. SIR ALEXANDER CHALMER'S AUTHORATIVE CAREER IN WARSAW
2876 Alexander Chalmers (1645-1703) was born in Aberdeen and migrated to Poland in 1676. Alexander was given the Polish name of "Alexander Czamer". He served as a judge in the coronation parliament of King August II before becoming Warsaw's mayor 4 times.
He was first elected as mayor in 1691. He was subsequently elected in 1694, 1696 and 1702. His duties included levying taxes, collecting rents and sentencing local residents for crimes. It was also said he had:
"Remarkable energy and skill in the conduct of difficult business. He had been the greatest service to the city."
There is now a plaque commemorating his previous home in Warsaw, which now houses a leathercraft museum, at 10 Waski Dunaj Street.
The photograph on the left, of Warsaw's Old Town, is by Pixabay user Websi and is available to download here.
CITIZENS OF POLAND WHO WERE FROM ABERDEEN
2877 There are many others who have traveled from Aberdeen to Poland and made successful careers. Some of these people being:
John Burnet (b. 1603)
John Burnet was from Aberdeen. Burnet was made citizen of Krakow in 1617. He had traded 10 Polish florins, a gun, and half a stone of gunpowder in return for citizenship.
Sir George Skene of Rubislaw (1619-1707)
Sir George was a former Danzig merchant who later became the Provost of Aberdeen 1676-1685. George Skene had arrived in Poland with his step-brother and apprenticed him to George Edie in Danzig.
William Forbes (1566-1627)
William Forbes was the founder of Craigevar Family and former merchant. With the riches he had acquired in Poland he bought many estates in Aberdeenshire. He was also known as "Danzig Willie" and "Willie the Merchant".
John Turner
Turner, also a former merchant in Poland, was a benefactor of the Marischal College. In 1688, he left 4 bursaries to Marischal College and his coat of arms can be seen in the historical window in Mitchell Hall.
John Craig (b. 1587)
John Craig was a trader in Krakow. He paid 10 Hungarian Florins to become a citizen of Poland.
George Crukshank (b. 1686)
Crukshank was a merchant in Krakow who paid 100 florins plus an additional 14 florins instead of the usually required gun and gunpowder.
The image on the left is a reproduction of a portrait of George Skene by George Jamieson. It is from Alexander Munro's Memorials of the Aldermen, Provosts, and Lord Provosts of Aberdeen, 1272-1895 (1897). LUCRATIVE BUSINESS IN DANZIG
2878 With the substantial number of Scottish immigrants in Poland a reputation followed. "A Scots pedlar's pack" became a phrase used in Poland. The expression referred to the goods which the Scots had traded. Some of these goods were malt, flax, fruit, handkerchiefs, linen, woollen products, coal, fish and cloth.
As the Scottish minority made a visible contribution to the trade in Danzig, they earned another expression used among the Poles -"Szkot" (which means Scot in Polish). It was an epithet which referred to a business traveller.
The Scottish population in Poland increasingly grew in the 16th century due the career opportunities offered by the country. Areas of Poland consequently show the presence of these Scots. In 1576, Stefan Batory - the king of Poland at the time, designated a sector of Danzig to house Scots. "Nowe Szkoty" (New Scots) is an area in modern day Gdansk which has around 10 Polish villages with street names referencing the Scots who previously lived there.
The image on the left is of Cragievar Castle. This castle was owned by William Forbes. The funding for the property came from the riches he had made in Poland. POLAND AND SCOTLAND IN WW2
2879 During WW2 Scotland and Poland fought together as allies. The Poles were particularly involved in the war's many aerial battles.
After WW2, approximately 38,000 Polish soldiers remained in Scotland due to the Soviet Union's occupation of their home country. Polish fighter pilots had the most outstanding record of any RAF squadron whilst fighting alongside the British. The Polish squadron were only 5% of the allied crew but they managed to shoot down 12% of German aircraft. The Polish fighter pilots were said to be fierce and courageous; many of them willing to be martyrs to protect the allied forces.
"Some crews of Nazi bombers jumped out of the planes with parachutes before Poles opened fire" - Stanley Vincent (commander of Northolt RAF station)
"By summer 1941, 8 fighter and 4 bomber squadrons were created. Polish pilots protected Britain by not only shooting down Nazis but also destroying V1 missiles, participating in many operations over the continent, escorting the bombers, bombing different targets in Germany as well as providing air support to the landing troops during invasion in June 1944."
During 1940-1945 the Polish pilots fighting in British units had managed to accumulate 621 confirmed kills.
The photograph on the left shows bombing damage on Market Street in Aberdeen after an air raid on 7th August 1942. CONCLUSION
2880 Sadly, my report ends here. It has been a great pleasure researching the relationship between two countries with which I strongly identify. I was born in Poland and moved to Scotland when I was 6 months old along with my family. I can relate to both parts and consider myself a citizen of both countries. I hope you have enjoyed reading this report and are encouraged to research into your own family ancestry. Maybe you'll find some Polish heritage. Who knows? But most of all I hope you have become more knowledgeable on the matter, possibly making our community more aware of racism and prejudice and helping to tackle these very important issues in Aberdeen.
Sources and References
'Scots in Poland, Poles in Scotland' from The Krakow Post
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Aberdeen Press and Journal, Saturday 27th April 1935
Aberdeen Press and Journal, Friday 13th September 1931
Wikipedia entry for Alexander Czamer
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'Scotland and Poland' from #ScotlandIsNow
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'Polish "most targeted group" in prejudice in Aberdeen' from BBC News
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'Alexander Chalmers, Scottish Mayor of Warsaw' by Ross 'Teddy' Craig
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'History of Gordon's' from Robert Gordon's College website
link
'Scots Diaspora' by Andrew Elliott
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'Did you know?' from Mapa Scotland: the Great Polish Map of Scotland
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'Papers Relating to the Scots in Poland (1576-1798)' from Electric Scotland
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OTHER FACTS
2895 1. Bonnie Prince Charlie was half Polish. His mother was Maria Klementyna Sobieska.
2. Marie Curie was from Poland. She discovered the two elements - radium and polonium. These elements are used in treatment for Cancer. Curie is the ambassador for the 'Marie Curie Foundation' which provides aid for cancer patients.
3. A memorial for Jan Karski can be found in the Aberdeen University. Jan was a famous WW2 resistance hero.
4. Frederic Chopin (famous music composer) visited Scotland in 1849 and his short holiday in Edinburgh is marked by a plaque on the wall of a house in Warriston Crescent
5. Polish war veteran graves and memorials can be found all over Scotland
6. There was a Polish Medical School in Edinburgh University in February 1941; which trained soldiers to become doctors
7. Queen Mary's House in St. Andrews is made from timber from Gdansk
The image on the left is a portrait of Prince Charles Edward Stuart by Louis Gabriel Blanchet, oil on canvas, 1738 (NPG 5517) © National Portrait Gallery, London. It is used here with their Creative Commons image licence (CC BY-NC-ND). The image is available to view on the National Portrait Gallery website here. |