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Northfield Mission Church
34 Engraving of Northfield Mission Church and School, Gilcomston. Drawing by Andrew Gibb.
Popularly known as 'Laing's Kirkie', Northfield Mission Kirk was opened in Leadside Road on 10 November 1850. The building was designed and funded mainly by Alexander Laing, coachbuilder, as part of the Free Church Mission in the Northfield area of Gilcomston. At that time the area had a bad reputation and poor housing conditions. In 1863, Mr Laing handed over the chapel to the charge of the Free East Church, and the school was transferred to the School Board. Although the new Rutherford Church opened in 1870, the Mission Kirk continued its work. Shuttle Lane prior to slum clearance
193 This 1930s photograph shows the Shuttle Lane slum clearance area situated between East North Street and Frederick Street, before the families were rehoused on new estates.
These houses were typical of the cramped, overcrowded tenements to be found in most Scottish cities. Large families would be crammed into 1 or 2 rooms. There might have been a shared toilet on the landings or more commonly outside in the back yard.
Infectious diseases such as diptheria and scarlet fever could be spread rapidly with such close contact of families, and infant mortality was high. There was often no drying green so many tenements had iron washing poles which could be slid out of windows when needed. Each family would have their allocated day to use the wash house.
Washing clothes was a laborious affair as the mother, maybe with the assistance of an older daughter, would stoke and light the boiler, and trek back and forth with water from an outside tap. Washing would be done by hand and if the weather was bad, then it would have to be hung inside in the kitchen to dry in the heat of the coal fire.
However, it seemed that community spirit was warm and close neighbours helped each other in times of crisis. This was a bond that would be broken when families were rehoused in the modern housing estates. Union Terrace and Gardens
412 A postcard image showing Union Terrace Gardens in the centre of Aberdeen.
There are a couple of notable features that might be able to help date the image: there is no bandstand present and the lower, central area in this image is still in the older lay-out with wide dividing paths.
The removal of the bandstand and change of lay-out may have been carried at around the same time. A minute from an Aberdeen Town Council meeting of 21st September 1931, detailing a recommendation from the Links and Parks Committee to the full Council, reads as follows:
"The Committee had before them a report by the Superintendent of the City Parks, in which he points out that he has had the bandstand in Union Terrace Gardens examined, that it is in a bad state of repair, and that he has been informed that the cost of repairing the worn-out parts would be almost equal to the cost of a new stand. He further states that the bandstand has not been used for some years, owing to the noise from the adjoining railway interfering with the performances, and suggests that the stand should be removed, the site and surrounding pathways levelled, covered with soil and sown with grass seed. If this were done, the playing area would be increased by 1,407 square yards, as shown coloured yellow on the plan herewith submitted, thereby giving greater facilities to the large number of children who frequent the Gardens.
"The Committee approved of the report, and beg to recommend that the Council should grant authority to the Superintendent of Parks to have the bandstand removed and the other work carried out as proposed." (Minutes and Proceedings of Town Council, City of Aberdeen, 1930-1931, page 660.
The full Council approved this recommendation from the Links and Parks Committee. In light of this information, the image may date from relatively shortly after September 1931. After the bandstand has been removed but before the ground had been leveled and sown as a single larger grass lawn. Albion Street
667 Albion Street, also known as the Bool Road because it led to the bowling green. It led to the Links from the foot of Justice Street. On the right hand side is the mission chapel which in 1848 replaced the "penny rattler", a street theatre which gave the area a bad reputation. It later became Albion Street Congregational Church. The area was cleared in the 1950s for the development of the Beach Boulevard. Denhead Farm, Rubislaw
1484 This photograph by James Kellas from the early 1950s shows Denhead Farm in the area of Rubislaw. It was located on the south side of Carnegie Crescent, north of the western part of Rubislaw Den.
Local historian A. G. Duthie has been in touch to tell us that the Duncan family, who were tenants there, ran the farm as one of many market gardens in the Rubislaw Den area. It was a working farm until the later 1950s when it was demolished as part of residential development. Grandholm Mills
1715 The dinner hour, workers crossing the bridge over the River Don.
The history of the mills in Woodside has gone through prosperous and bad times with several being closed in the mid-1800s and subsequently reopened towards the end of the century. The success especially of the paper and cloth mills of the area has provided work for many generations of Woodsiders.
A linen and cloth factory moved to the Grandholme mills site in mid-18th century from Gordon Mills and was taken over by James and John Crombie in 1859. J&J Crombie went on to produce the famous worldwide Crombie cloth at the Grandholme Mill, leading to the long association between Woodside and the fabric. The mill at one point employed up to 3000 people.
J&J Crombie were included on a list of government suppliers and one tenth of all coats worn by British officers of the First World War were made with the Crombie cloth. By World War II 467 miles of the cloth was being produced at the Grandholme mill per year.
By 1960 Grandholm was the largest supplier of tweed in the UK and also produced silk, wool, cashmere and yarns. Sadly the business has now been moved away from the Woodside area to the Borders.
Willie Grant
2630 A portrait of Blind Willie Grant taken from East Neuk Chronicles by William Skene (1905). Grant was a pianist who would accompany performers at regular "free-and-easies" held on Thursday and Saturday nights in the Wallace Tower and Mother M'Cuag's Caledonian Hotel on Castle Street. According to Skene, whatever the song, Willie could accompany it.
Skene states that "It was not a bad job when these free-and-easies were stopped, as there was a fascination about these places that had an insidious effect on young men that was not easily shaken off, as I knew by experience." (page 35) Prefabs at Cults
2686 This photograph shows prefab housing at Cults in around 1960. Prefabs were the one storey dwellings erected under the Housing (Temporary Accommodation) Act 1944 and supplied by the Department of Health for Scotland.
They began to be erected in 1945, with the expectation of a ten year life at most, to ease the housing situation after the Second World War.
Various types of these buildings were offered including Carron, American, and Arcon Aluminium. Those at Cults were of the Arcon type and stood where Garden Road is today.
Because of their construction, prefabs were prone to condensation and damp but many tenants liked them. Although these Cults houses were demolished in 1967, others in the Tullos area of Aberdeen were still in use until 1985 when the last of them were removed. S.S. G. Koch
2705 An Adelphi Series postcard showing the wreck of the S.S. G. Koch off Girdleness, Aberdeen.
The G. Koch was a Danish cargo steamer of 1159 tonnes that was registered in Odense. Due to a particularly bad storm the ship was dashed on the rocks south of Aberdeen harbour on Saturday 13 January 1913.
Despite heroic efforts of three life-saving brigades, and many volunteers, seven of the nineteen on-board drowned. The rescue operation was not completed until Sunday morning. First aeroplane at Aberdeen
2713 An Adelphi Series postcard showing Mr B. C. Hucks preparing the first flight of an aeroplane over Aberdeen on 29th August 1912. The postcard states that he will ascend from the foot of Broad Hill at Aberdeen Beach.
Hucks was a member of the Royal Aero Club and his exhibition was sponsored by the Daily Mail newspaper, as indicated on the plane's wings.
Hucks brought his plane to Aberdeen by train. On the 29th his exhibition flights at the Links were initially delayed by bad weather. He subsequently made two flights that day.
The next day's Aberdeen Daily Journal reported "Aberdeen yesterday got its first glimpse of the marvels of modern aviation, when, in its thousands, it witnessed two remarkably successful flights of eleven and thirteen minutes duration respectively". Aberdeen Theatres: Albion Street Theatre
3385 Albion Street was also known as the Bool Road because it led to the bowling green. It led to the Links from the foot of Justice Street. On the right of this drawing is the "penny rattler", a street theatre which gave the area a bad reputation.
The theatre was well attended but attracted criticism for poor performances and attendant violence and drunkeness.
A mission chapel replaced the street theatre in 1848 and later became Albion Street Congregational Church.
This whole area was cleared for the development of the Beach Boulevard much later in the mid-20th century. His Majesty's Theatre: The Bad Girl of the Family
3472 Flyer for the 1912 production of the play The Bad Girl of the Family. [Image from the Aberdeen Performing Arts Archive.] Northfield Mission Church
13 Engraving of Northfield Mission Church and School, Gilcomston. Drawing by Andrew Gibb.
Popularly known as 'Laing's Kirkie', Northfield Mission Kirk was opened in Leadside Road on 10 November 1850. The building was designed and funded mainly by Alexander Laing, coachbuilder, as part of the Free Church Mission in the Northfield area of Gilcomston. At that time the area had a bad reputation and poor housing conditions. In 1863, Mr Laing handed over the chapel to the charge of the Free East Church, and the school was transferred to the School Board. Although the new Rutherford Church opened in 1870, the Mission Kirk continued its work. Albion Street
83 Albion Street, also known as the Bool Road because it led to the bowling green. It led to the Links from the foot of Justice Street. On the right hand side is the mission chapel which in 1848 replaced the "penny rattler", a street theatre which gave the area a bad reputation. It later became Albion Street Congregational Church. The area was cleared in the 1950s for the development of the Beach Boulevard. Albion Street, also known as the Bool Road
88 Albion Street, also known as the Bool Road because it led to the bowling green. It led to the Links from the foot of Justice Street. On the right hand side is the "penny rattler", a street theatre which gave the area a bad reputation. A mission chapel replaced it in 1848 and later became Albion Street Congregational Church. The area was cleared for the development of the Beach Boulevard. The Execution of William Allan
172 This broadside details the life, crime and execution of William Allan. He was executed in Aberdeen on Friday the 10th February, of an unspecified year, for the murder of Alexander M'Kay.
The sheet gives an account of Allan's life and speculates on how he came to this unhappy fate. The account contains themes common to crime and punishment broadsides of bad company, alcohol and a disregard of parental authority. There is also at times an unexpected similarity to modern crime reporting: "We do not think that the annals of crime furnish an example of a murder perpetrated from so small a temptation as that which operated on the mind of Allan, who was aware, before he committed the deed, that the victim of it possessed only the paltry sum of thirty-five shillings."
One passage which describes Allan's appeal to the advanced age of his victim recalls the justifications of Dostoyevsky's Raskolnikov: "He even arraigned the justice of his sentence on the ground that he had only taken away a life which would, in a short time, have terminated from the effects of indisposition and old age."
Allan is initially unrepentant and rude to the assembled clergy but then makes a last minute appeal for religious assistance on the morning of his execution.
Unfortunately, unlike Raskolnikov and Sonya in Siberia, there was no hope of redemption for Allan - at least not in this life: "After hanging the usual time, the body was cut down, and delivered to the doctors." Treasure 46: The Aberdeen Herald
217 When the first weekly issue of The Aberdeen's Journal was published by James Chalmers in January 1748 who would have guessed it would still be in production today (admittedly with several changes of title and ownership) as The Press and Journal.
The monopoly of The Aberdeen Journal, as it soon became, remained almost unchallenged throughout the eighteenth century but the nineteenth century saw the publication of several competing newspapers. Most of these were short-lived but included The Aberdeen Herald, and General Advertiser for The Counties of Aberdeenshire, Banffshire, and Kincardineshire, which was published between 1832 and 1876.
We hold the first copy of this weekly newspaper in our collections. It was printed and published by George Cornwall, and was issued on Saturday 1 September 1832. It succeeded an earlier paper called The Aberdeen Chronicle which had been in production since 1806. The Aberdeen Journal was seen then as politically neutral but the Herald is described as Whig-Radical and its opening advertisement states "In fact, the chief object of The Aberdeen Herald will be to obtain a cheap, efficient, and patriotic system of Government".
Since the Herald was published on a Saturday while the Journal appeared on Wednesday, it was able to include articles which would have been old news by the following Wednesday and could also provide updates to news from earlier in the week.
The newspaper cost 7d which was far beyond what an ordinary person could pay and restricted readership to the wealthy. This high cost was a result of taxes imposed by the Stamp Act of 1712 which was not abolished until 1855. Papers could then be bought for 1d and there was freedom to produce mass-circulation newspapers with improved text layout.
The front pages of newspapers, even as recently as the early 1900s, did not contain news stories but were filled with adverts - business, theatrical events, shipping, property and public notices. The issue of The Aberdeen Herald for 21 April 1866 contained an advert explaining the change of name for the town of Inverurie. Local historian, Dr Douglas Lockhart, provides the following account of the town's name change.
The market town of Inverurie was one of the fastest growing places in Aberdeenshire during the mid-nineteenth century when its population increased from 735 in 1821 to 2524 in 1871. Many factors contributed to rapid growth at this time including good communications, initially by turnpike roads and the Aberdeenshire Canal to nearby Port Elphinstone, and from the mid-century it lay astride the railway line between Aberdeen, Elgin and Inverness.
Further advantages were the extensive agricultural surroundings, markets and successful local businesses. Surprisingly Alexander Smith in A New History of Aberdeenshire, which was published in 1875, has little to say about the transformation of the town. However, he wrote a lengthy paragraph to describe how 'INVERURIE was, in former times, written Inneraury, Ennerawrie, and Hennerawie, and latterly Inverury' and he notes that the name meant "the confluence of the river of the margin".
On 5 February 1866 the Council met to discuss what appears to have become a growing problem - mail was being sent to Inveraray in Argyllshire because Inverury was not listed by the Post Office as a Post Town. The solution was simple: "return to the ancient spelling of the Burgh as Inverurie and to memorialise the Postmaster General to have it set down on the Lists as a Post Town". The Postmaster agreed to the name change and the scene was set on 19 April for the Council to discuss advertising the new arrangements. The wording of an advertisement was approved and it was decided to place it in the Edinburgh Gazette, Aberdeen Journal, Aberdeen Free Press, Aberdeen Herald and Banffshire Journal and "to endeavour to get the Railway Company to alter the spelling of the Station in their Tables".
Inverury officially became Inverurie the following day and on 21 April The Aberdeen Herald announced the change of name in the advertising columns of its front page. The Banffshire Journal in addition to printing the advertisement also published a glowing report on building activity in the burgh and noted that "within the memory of living inhabitants [the town] has been thoroughly regenerated".
Aberdeen Local Studies holds files of many local newspapers on microfilm, including the Aberdeen Herald and the Free Press. A digitised partial file is also available on the British Newspaper Archive which can be freely consulted online in the Central Library using your library card. Treasure 48: Tuberculosis Exhibition Poster
219 In March 1912 an exhibition on the infectious disease tuberculosis was held in the Music Hall on Union Street. This striking poster, with the headline 'War on consumption', advertised the six day event and the accompanying series of lectures.
The exhibition was organised by the Town Council of Aberdeen and the National Association for the Prevention of Consumption. The majority of the exhibition was brought to the city by the latter party with local additions from the Aberdeen Public Health Department, the pathological and public health laboratories of the University of Aberdeen and the Aberdeen Mothers' and Babies' Club.
The exhibition arrived in Aberdeen on the 16 March from Dundee where it had been visited by 30,000 people. It had also toured Glasgow, Edinburgh, Liverpool and Hull.
The exhibits were arranged in the Music Hall's Ball Room and Square Room by Mr Haughton, the organising secretary, with assistance by officials of the Public Health Department. The exhibition included two full sized model rooms. Living conditions such as good ventilation, fresh air and sunlight were considered vital in combating the disease. A "bad room" was modelled on a real property in the East End of London.
Tuberculosis was a grave health concern at the time. The poster states that "During the past Ten Years in Aberdeen 1997 persons died from Consumption, and 1039 from other forms of Tuberculosis." In a preview of the exhibition from 19 March, the Aberdeen Journal wrote "The object of the exhibition is to draw attention to the enormous wastage of life and work caused by tuberculosis in its various forms; to show how the disease is caused and spread; and to illustrate the methods of cure and the precautions for its prevention."
The importance of the exhibition was further stressed in a later article which stated: "There is no single disease that causes among civilian communities so many deaths and manifests itself in such various forms, and nothing can be more desirable than to bring home to the masses of people how the deadly scourge can best be prevented or checked. In Aberdeen alone the number of deaths yearly from all forms of tuberculosis is about 270, and of these about two-thirds, or 180, are due to pulmonary tuberculosis. The disease usually lasts long, and the number of definite diseases attributable to it at any one time in the city is probably not less than four or even five times as large as the deaths."
The exhibition was opened by the Principal of the University of Aberdeen, George Adam Smith, and was accompanied by a series of daily public lectures by experts on the disease. Each day's lecture was followed by cinematograph presentations illustrating the precautions taken in connection to tuberculosis. The lectures were held next-door to the Music Hall in the Aberdeen Y.M.C.A. Hall.
At the close of the "six day crusade against tuberculosis", Lord Provost Maitland described the exhibition and lecture series as "Magnificent" and the Journal stated that the success of the event, "judged by popularity, is beyond all doubt." In total 39,960 attended over the six days, placing Aberdeen behind only Hull which was open for an extra day. Approximately 20,000 health pamphlets were disseminated around the city, including 15,000 catalogues freely distributed by the Public Health Committee. A copy of this catalogue, which includes an instructive article from Hay, is kept in the collection of Aberdeen Local Studies. Newton of Drum, Drumoak - Genealogy
320 Aberdeen Local Studies user Sebastiaan Hess has researched the families that lived at the Newton of Drum farm near Drumoak. The three charts show the Lyons, Lows and Reids with the tenants of the farm in the bold black boxes:
David Lyon (1753 - 1815)
William Lyon (1789 - 1872)
William Lyon (1822 - 1889)
Alexander Low (1838 - 1912)
David Williamson Low (1880 - 1962)
John Reid (1861 - 1938)
John W. Reid (1896 - 1980)
Edward G. Reid (1903 - 1979) Treasure 117: Estate Sale Catalogues
340 On display is a collection of local estate sale catalogues. During the 20th century many large estates were sold and the pattern of land ownership in Scotland changed. The division of estates at the time of sale lead to an increase in the ownership of smaller areas. Economic depressions and increased taxation were among the reasons behind the break up and sale of estates, particularly the imposition of death duties, also known as inheritance tax.
The catalogues typically include the following information:
1) The location of the estate and area that it covered in acres
2) The details of the sale of the estate
3) A description of all the properties and other assets on the estate
4) Descriptions of sporting activities usually shooting and fishing taking place on the estate which could be rented out
5) A list of individual properties on the estate; the current tenants and the rents that were paid
6) A list of burdens - these were often financial responsibilities shouldered by the owner of an estate that were transferred to the buyer at the time of sale
7) Photographs of properties and sometimes individual rooms within the main country house on the estate
8) Maps of the estate showing the lots if the estate was to be sold in parts
These catalogues provide a fascinating resource for anyone interested in family or local history as they provide detailed information about individual estates and the people that lived and worked on them.
Learn more about these fascinating documents - including the catalogue relating to the mysterious Slains Castle - in the Treasures from our Collections interactive exhibition on the touchscreen. Treasure 121: Annals of the Road by Captain Malet (1876)
344 One of our final treasures is a very rare book dating from 1876 which tells us about the history of the stage and mail coaches in Britain. A subject that perhaps, on first glance, would appear to be rather dry and uninteresting, becomes significantly more dramatic when you consider the limitations and risks inherent in a journey by coach in the days before rail, car and plane. Indeed, with many of us venturing out on a journey for the summer holidays, a lot of us will take for granted the ease and speed with which we may reach our destinations. Journeys such as these would have been nigh on impossible in the days of the stage coach in terms of time and expense.
Our book is entitled Annals of the Road, or Notes on Mail and Stage Coaching in Great Britain. By Captain Malet, XVIIIth Hussars, to which are added Essays on the Road by Nimrod, published by Longmans, Green, and Co., London 1876. According to Capt. Malet, stage coaching came into general use between 1662 and 1703. However, travel on horseback was still considered preferable by many due to the discomfort of the early coaches, the bad state of the main roads (which were few) and the constant danger of highway robbery. Coaches were an easy, slow-moving target for highwaymen as they carried more baggage and the passengers would be unable to ride away at speed. Mail coaches began in the 1780s from Edinburgh and by 1835, 27 coaches were running to various places from Aberdeen.
To see some beautiful illustrations of coaches and coach travel - and find out just how expensive it was (very!) - have a look at the Treasures from our Collections interactive exhibition.
Raphael Tuck postcard
414 The back of a Raphael Tuck Postcard sent to an address on Abergeldie Road in Aberdeen. The postcard has a message from a young girl apologising for not being unable to attend a music lesson due to a bad leg. In Presence of the Provost, Bailies and Council of Aberdeen. Infirmary
438 A broadside detailing a meeting of the Provost, Ballies and Council of Aberdeen on 18th November 1741. The notice starts by recognising the recent completion of the new infirmary for Aberdeen, this would have been that established at Woolmanhill, and details its general operation.
The notice then outlines a proposal from the Provost to extent the usefulness of the new hospital to, not just the inhabitants of the town, but also those of the counties of Aberdeen, Banff and Mearns. It is suggested the physicians based in the town are able to provide assistance not available in said counties.
It is proposed that the nobles, gentlemen and heritors of the counties be invited to contribute a regular amount to enable this extension of purpose. It is suggested they should have no difficulty raising this amount from the rent of their tenants as it would be the "tenants, sub-tenants and lower sort of person" who would benefit from access to the hospital.
The notice concludes by stating that any person who contributes a lump sum of twenty five pound sterling, or five pound sterling per annum, to the hospital will be able to become one of its directors and that this is how the institution's governance will be arranged.
The Provost at the time would have been Alexander Robertson of Glasgoego (1702-1775).
This broadside from 1741 was compiled by Robert Thomson. Cumberland House
451 This image was digitised from Artistic Aberdeen: A Sketch Book (1932) by W. S. Percy.
The book describes the scene as follows:
"Cumberland House which, before the demolition of the condemned houses in the Guestrow - of which it formed No. 45 - was surrounded and hidden by unsightly and insanitary slums, now stands unobstructed. It is not only one of Aberdeen's best pieces of work - without and within - but it has at least one interesting piece of history attached to it. The older portion was built around 1580 and the newer in 1676. It is finely panelled and one room has painted decorations ascribed to an Italian artist. It was the lodgings of the Duke of Cumberland during his Culloden campaign in 1746. The "Bloody" Duke was a very bad tenant, although history also ascribed much of the wanton and malicious damage, surprisingly, to Wolfe, afterwards the hero of Quebec. For some years the building has been used as a lodging house."
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