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St. Nicholas Church and Churchyard
185 St. Nicholas Church and Churchyard, from Union Streeet. The caption reads, "East and West Parish Churches, Aberdeen". The colonnade was designed by John Smith the City Architect in 1829. Gilcomston Parish Church
659 Gilcomston Parish Church, designed by William Smith in 1771 and his son, John, added the vestry in 1845. It was restored in 1878 by the architects Mackenzie and McMillan. It is now known as Denburn Parish Church. Kelman Memorial Church, Culter
996 Kelman Memorial Church, Culter - in 1843 at the Disruption, the Rev. Robert Thomson set up a Free Church congregation in Culter. They worshipped at a building at Contlaw, 3 miles from the village. In 1893, the congregation, under the Rev. John Kelman, agreed that a more central site was required. The foundation stone was laid on 28 April 1894 and the church, designed by John Rust, was opened on 16 February 1895. This snowy scene shows the Norman style of architecture of the church, which was constructed of granite from Rubislaw Quarry, Aberdeen. After the reunion of the Free Church with the Church of Scotland in October 1929, the decision was taken to rename this church the Kelman Memorial Church in remembrance of Rev. Dr. Kelman, who had died only a few months earlier. This left 2 Church of Scotland churches in Culter but, in March 1999, St. Peter's and Kelman Memorial were amalgamated to form Peterculter Parish Church, with this building chosen to continue for the future. St. Peter's may become a heritage museum. Denburn Church, formerly Gilcomston Parish Church
1124 Denburn Parish Church, formerly Gilcomston Parish Church. Dating from 1771, designed by William Smith, with vestry added by his son John Smith in 1845. North Parish Church
1253 The North Parish Church on King Street. It was designed by John Smith in the Greek Revival Style and is thought to have been inspired by St. Pancras Church in London. The building cost £10,300 and could accommodate 1700 to 1800 people.
The church was constructed after the parish of St. Nicholas was split into six distinct parishes in around 1828 due to population growth. The six parishes were East, West, North, South, Greyfriars and St. Clement's.
The church was officially opened on 19th June 1831 and its first service was attended by the Lord Provost and the town's Magistrates. The first minister was Rev. John Murray.
The church became home to the North and Trinity Parish in 1929 when Trinity Church on Marischal Street closed and its congregation was merged with the North Parish.
Due to declining attendance numbers the North and Trinity congregation was itself merged in 1954 with the East Church of St. Nicholas. The church building on King Street was converted to become the Aberdeen Arts Centre in 1963. Brae Farm
1790 This photograph was taken in 1951 by James Kellas and looks east showing, on the left, the rear of Brae Farm, located on Morningside Road, and part of 142 Morningside Avenue on the right.
There was originally a Brae Farm to the north west of this location that can be seen the Ordnance Survey map published in 1869 (Aberdeen Sheet LXXV.14). Just to the north of the old farm on the map is a single Aberdeen Water Works reservoir.
An article from The Leopard magazine by Diane Morgan (October/November 1985) explains that in 1885 an Aberdeen Corporation Water Act was passed to empower the Town Council to take eight million gallons daily from the River Dee and to build a second reservoir at Mannofield. This was to keep up with the city's rapid population increase.
To carry out the expansion, the council acquired the land adjoining the initial reservoir including the first Brae Farmhouse and its steadings. They then became known as Reservoir Cottage and Reservoir House and served as the home of the inspector of the water works. A relatively early inspector was called William Clark. On 28th February 1898 he died at the cottage aged 64. He was buried in the John Knox Churchyard (Aberdeen Weekly Journal, 02/03/1898, p.4).
Clark was likely succeeded as waterworks inspector by James Forsyth. The Forsyth family lived at the cottage well into the 20th century. James was married to Margaret (née Jaffray), who died after him on 28th July 1945, aged 85. Their second son, Sapper John Forsyth, died aged 26 at Oldmill Military Hospital on 20th April 1917. He was buried at Springback Cemetery.
The reservoirs continue to play a vital role in supplying water to Aberdeen. The cottage and house however were demolished in the late 20th century and replaced by modern water treatment buildings.
As shown on the 1901 OS map, sometime shortly after the passing of the 1885 act the Brae Farm we can see in this picture was built to the south east, where Morningside Road met Auchinyell Bridge. To the east, Aberdeenshire County Cricket Ground was also built around the same time.
This later Brae Farm was the home to the Kinnaird family for the first half of the 20th century. The heads of the family were Frank Kinnaird and Margaret Amelia Smith.
Their son Lance-Corporal A. G. Kinnaird, of the Royal Scots, was reported as a prisoner of war in Germany in June 1918. Prior to the war he had worked with the Clydesdale Bank (Evening Express, 03/06/1918 p.3).
Frank's eldest daughter, Jessie Sinclair, married James Smith Mathieson at Ruthrieston U.F. Church on 7th September 1927 (Evening Express, 08/09/1927, p.6).
A younger daughter, Edith Kinnaird, married a man from Portsmouth called Andrew Livingstone in July 1936. The marriage took place in Ruthrieston West Church and the reception was at the Caledonian Hotel (Press & Journal, 06/06/1936 p.8).
Daughters Amelia Elizabeth and Margaret Kinnaird both left Brae Farm in the 1920s (1924 and 1920, respectively) to reunite with fiancés who had travelled ahead to Canada.
Frank Kinnaird died on 12th August 1950, aged 84.
At some point during the 1930s-1950s the residential streets we know today, Morningside Avenue, Terrace and Place were constructed between the reservoir and the new farmstead. These streets take their name from Morningside Farm to the east. As can be seen in this photograph, the farm stood into the 1950s. It was eventually demolished when Morningside Avenue was extended to meet Morningside Road. The newer bungalows can be distinguished by their tiled, rather than slated roofs. Hay's Views of Aberdeen
1810 A view of Aberdeen and the River Dee from the south west by lithographer John Hay and from 1840.
The view shows salmon fishing in the river and linen bleaching activities on the Torry side.
The spires of the South Parish Church, on Belmont Street, St. Nicholas Kirk and the Tolbooth can be seen on the skyline. The Castle Hill Barracks is also clearly visible. John Knox Church
1823 An illustration looking south along Mounthooly, with John Knox Church in the centre, from near the bridge opposite Canal Street. The bridge was initially over the Aberdeenshire Canal and later the Great North of Scotland railway.
This drawing shows the old John Knox Church. It was built as an extension church in the parish of Greyfriars. Building commenced in 1833 and finished in 1835.
Demolition of the old church and construction of its replacement began in 1910. A larger building was needed to accommodate an expanding congregation. Alexander Gammie, in his Churches of Aberdeen (1909), credits the increase in attendance to the popularity of Rev. George A. Johnston, who served as the church's minister from 27th September 1905 to 1909.
At the rear of the original church there was a boys and girls school that can be seen on the Ordnance Survey map from 1869 (Aberdeenshire LXXV.11). The 1902 OS map suggests this school was replaced by the congregation's church hall, finished in October 1885. The 1926 map indicates the hall was in turn demolished during construction of the new church.
Summarizing the progress of the church up to 1909, Gammie writes:
"The congregation of John Knox is composed almost entirely of the working classes, and the church is situated in what is practically an east-end district. Yet it has not been lacking in the enterprise and ability to undertake and complete important schemes solely by its own efforts. The erection of a church hall, the introduction of a pipe organ, and the erection of a handsome new oak pulpit are instances of what it has accomplished in this respect."
The soon to be undertaken construction of the new church building would perhaps remain the greatest accomplishment in the congregation's history. In 1997 John Knox Church united with Greyfriars Church on Broad Street, ceasing to be a seperate congregation. The 1910 church building was later converted for residential use.
The kirk session records of the church are held by Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire Archives. John Knox Church
1824 An illustration looking south down Mounthooly, with the Gallowgate rising in the distance. The image shows a good view of the back of the old John Knox Church, built in 1835. This image likely dates from the late 19th century. John Knox Church
1825 An illustration looking south down Mounthooly and across to the Gallowgate, which can be seen rising in the distance. The flank of the old John Knox Church, built 1835 and demolished in 1910, looms over the nearby houses.
Comparing the large scale Ordnance Survey maps from 1869 and 1902 we can see that these houses made way during the intervening years for a drying green located between Mounthooly and the church's graveyard. This suggests this illustration is the oldest of the three, showing broadly the same vista, that can be viewed on the Silver City Vault.
Comparing these illustrations with others in our collection suggests all three may be sketches by Andrew Gibb Jr.
The chimney far off on the Gallowgate is likely that of the Spring Garden Iron Foundry. The Longacre
1941 Longacre, off Broad Street, in 1884. The street was demolished for the extensions to Marischal College.
This drawing served as the frontispiece image of the following publication: Centenary of the Consecration of the Right Reverend Samuel Seabury, D.D., first Bishop of Connecticut., Authorised Report of Proceedings in Scotland and Elsewhere, 1884 (John Avery & Co., 1885).
To the far left of the image can be seen the old St. Andrew's Episcopal Church. Gammie's Churches of Aberdeen (1909), tells us that this was opened for service on 13th September 1795.
It was built on the site of Bishop John Skinner's house, the upper two floors of which had served as the congregation's meeting place. On 14th November 1784 this was the scene of the consecration of Dr. Samuel Seabury as the first Bishop of Connecticut.
The chapel was bought by the Wesley Methodists in 1818 and served as Aberdeen's centre of Methodist activity until 1873. Prior to demolition it is thought to have been used as a warehouse and this would account for the crane like tool protruding from the window in this image. G. W. Morgan Portrait
2145 This portrait of a smartly dressed young man was taken by G. W. Morgan (1855-1909). The photo features the ornate furniture and painted background that was the convention of the time. On the rear of the postcard photograph is printed "For further copies apply Elite Studios, 5 Market St, Aberdeen." This dates the image as between 1897 and 1907 when the business was trading under this name at the Market Street premises. Morgan and his brother William also operated photographic studios at 3 Bridge Place, 393 Union Street, and two in Aboyne and Ballater.
Morgan was the son of a blacksmith from the village of Clatt, called John Morgan. Born in 1855, George trained as a druggist in Aberdeen before leaving for California where he worked as a photographer. He returned to the city in 1880 and became the principal photographic assistant to Mr Dinnie of Bridge Place. The premises in Market Street were his first studio after going into business with his brother. He lived at Westfield Terrace.
In the coming years Morgan established a reputation in the city as an excellent photographer and businessman. He was described in his Aberdeen Daily Journal obituary as "A thorough artist in every sense of the word. Mr Morgan was remarkably successful in developing the very extensive business, and it was largely owning to his efforts that the firm attained its well deserved renown for the excellence of its portraiture and scenic work, all of which reach a high degree of artistic merit."
In 1909, Morgan died aged 54 in quite unusual circumstances. On the night of 25th June he was travelling with Mr J. B. Davidson, a solicitor and business associate, to London on the Caledonian sleeper train. All was well up to Stirling when the two men went to sleep. Davidson was awoken in the night by the wind blowing into their compartment and with Morgan nowhere to be seen. After a thorough search of the train and much telegraphic inquiries it was determined that Morgan had fallen from the train and died just south of Carstairs. The exact conditions of his death are unknown but it was believed that he woke in the night and groggy with sleep used the wrong door.
In addition to photography Morgan was a very accomplished violinist and acted as choirmaster for Ferryhill Parish Church for many years. He and his wife had 12 children. 446 and 448 Union Street
2615 This photograph of Union Street was taken in 1936 and shows the premises of John Raffan, shoe fitting specialists, at 446 and Dugan & Mitchell, clothiers, at 448 Union Street.
James Dugan and Duncan Mitchell entered into partnership around 1919. Mitchell had previously been in the former's employment as a cutter.
Dugan had worked as a tailor on his own account since about 1907 in premises in Bon Accord Street, Rose Street and 443 Union Street. Prior to this he was a commercial traveller representing two local tailoring firms; Messers Milne and Low and Messers Kenneth McLean and Sons.
He became a well respected figure in the tailoring and clothing trade in Aberdeen and the North East. He was the son of a china merchant in George Street called Hugh Dugan. James was married and had a daughter. He died suddenly at his residence at Glen-Shiel, Bieldside on 10th May 1927.
Duncan Mitchell was a native of Largs, Ayrshire and served his apprenticeship in Glasgow. He was a keen golfer and was a member of the Deeside Golf Club. He died aged 73 after a short illness in January 1955.
John Raffan died on Sunday 10th June 1906 after suffering an apoplectic seizure in his Union Steet shop the preceding Friday. He was 52 years old at the time of his death. He was born in the parish of Ordiquhill and his father was a shoemaker named James Raffan.
He served his apprenticeship in Portsoy with a draper called James Guthrie before coming to Aberdeen. He worked with Messers J. & A. Gibb and Mr James Saint, warehousemen and silk mercers, prior to starting his own business as a boot and shoe merchant in Market Street and then Union Street.
Beyond his business, Raffan was deeply involved in religious and philanthropic work. He was a force in the establishment of Union Grove Baptist Church and was connected to Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, as a life member, the Aberdeen Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, the Seabank Home, and Stronach's Close Mission. He was married and had a daughter and two sons.
Above the shop fronts is a sign for Imperial Typewriters. The buildings in this photograph were across the road, just west, from the Capitol Cinema. They are still visible today. In more recent times they have been occupied by general food shops such as the Co-operative and Costcutters. St. Clement's Parish Church
2669 St. Clement's Parish Church, Footdee, c.1960. The history of St. Clement's dates from about 1498, when a chapel was built there principally for the fisher folk of Futtie.
This particular building was constructed in 1828 to a design by architect John Smith. A fine belfry, together with a boundary wall for the cemetery and area in front of the church complete the layout.
By the end of the 19th century, the district of Footdee was changing, with the population moving to other parts of the city. Today, the church is no longer in use, being surrounded by many oil-related commercial developments. The tall church tower is still however a landmark in the harbour area, as well as to individuals sailing into port. John Knox United Free Church group portrait
2905 A group portrait believed to show some of the congregation and officials of John Knox United Free Church on Gerrard Street.
This church was formed after the Disruption of 1843 when Rev. John Stephen, the then minister of John Knox Parish Church, located nearby at Mounthooly, left the established Church to join the Free Church of Scotland. The first John Knox U. F. Church on Gerrard Street was opened for worship by Stephen on 31st March 1844. The later church on the same site was opened in January 1900, during the ministry of Rev. Robert Macleod. It is in this later building that this photograph is believed to have been taken. Likely during the late 1920s or 1930s.
This print was kindly donated to Aberdeen Local Studies by David Parkinson. His grandfather, David Charles Kelly Parkinson, is the tall, left most chap in the back row. Craigiebuckler Church
3104 John Cardno Couper, now known as John Couper of Craigiebuckler, purchased Craigiebuckler Estate in 1863 and "decided that, as a laird, it was now his duty to provide for the spiritual welfare of the community". As such, an "iron church" was first erected on the estate and was known as the "Iron Kirkie" from its opening in 1873. However, John Couper wanted a more durable and permanent structure, which resulted in the erection of a new church.
This new structure was built by the highly-respected architect Alexander Marshall Mackenzie in 1883. "John Couper gave a free site and paid for fully half the cost of the erection of the stone and lime church (...). When Craigiebuckler church, on Walker Dam Road, opened on the second Sunday in February, 1883 it was completely free of debt, a position of envy to many churches".
All citations are from Craigiebuckler Parish Church, 125th Anniversary Magazine (1883-2008), published in 2008. Rev. George A. Johnston, B.D.
3803 A photographic portrait of Rev. George A. Johnston taken from the John Knox Parish Church Book of the Bazaar from 1910. He served as the church's minister from 20th June 1906 until he took up a position at Grange on 6th July 1909.
The souvenir fundraising book features a history of the parish church and its ministers by Alexander Gammie, Esq. ("Ecclesiasticus"). Gammie describes Johnston's ministry as follows:
"Mr. Johnston had a great reputation as a preacher before he came to Aberdeen, but he very soon quite eclipsed his past in point of popularity and influence. From the outset of his ministry he attracted immense audiences, and the church at every service was crowded to overflowing. He stood without a peer as unquestionably the most popular preacher of his day in Aberdeen. And not only did vast audiences gather Sunday after Sunday to listen to his preaching, but membership of the congregation increased at an abnormal rate until the Communion Roll reached a total of considerably over 2000 names. Mr. Johnston's ministry is, and always will be, a great tradition of John Knox's." page 38-39.
As way of example, Gammie gives an extensive account of one of Johnston's services. Gammie goes on to credit the shortness of Johnston's ministry, and eventual move to the less demanding post in Grange, to the burden of work entailed with so great a congregation.
See Gammie's full article in the Book of the Bazaar and the church's entry in his Churches of Aberdeen (1909) for more details about Johnston and the John Knox congregation. Both are available to consult at Aberdeen City Libraries. John Knox United Free Church
3805 A photograph of John Knox U. F. Church on Gerrard Street.
This image, credited to "G. Brodie, Aberdeen.", is from page 44 of a book of the bazaar held by Aberdeen City Libraries. The book is called Life of John Knox: with an account of John Knox Free Church and its Ministers. Issued in connection with Bazaar to be held in Music Hall Buildings, Aberdeen on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday 26th, 27th, 28th., 1899 (1899).
The photographer is most likely Geddes Mackenzie Scott Brodie, an Aberdeen photographer who died at Yoker, aged 50, on 16th April 1919 (see Aberdeen Daily Journal, 8th July 1919, page 2).
This new church building was built during the ministry of Rev. Robert Macleod. It cost around £6,000 and was opened in January 1900.
At August 2021, this church is occupied by the Gerrard Street Baptist Church congregation. Rev. Robert Macleod
3806 A photographic portrait of Rev. Robert Macleod (c.1845-1927). He was the minister at John Knox United Free Church on Gerrard Street between 1883 and 1915.
Macleod was a native of Wick and was the father of J. J. R. Macleod, Nobel prize winning discoverer of insulin for the treatment of diabetes. Robert Macleod died in Edinburgh on 9th June 1927 and was buried in Aberdeen's Allenvale Cemetery. An obituary for him can be found in the Press and Journal of 10th June 1927, page 8.
This photograph is from a plate facing page 40 of a book of the bazaar held by Aberdeen City Libraries. The book is called Life of John Knox: with an account of John Knox Free Church and its Ministers. Issued in connection with Bazaar to be held in Music Hall Buildings, Aberdeen on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday 26th, 27th, 28th., 1899. (1899) Daniel Macandrew
4182 A photographic portrait of Aberdeen builder and architect Daniel Macandrew (1827-1899). This image is sourced from In Memoriam: An Obituary of Aberdeen and Vicinity for the Year 1899 with Biographical Notes and Portraits of Prominent Citizens (William Cay & Sons). The book, one of a series published annually between 1890 and 1912, reproduces his obituary from the Aberdeen Free Press newspaper.
Macandrew was born in Fortrose, Ross and Cromarty. His family moved to Drumoak, Deeside, when he was young. He served as an apprentice architect and joiner in the offices of William Henderson and Baille Watson. He then started business on his own account. He lived and worked for a period in New Zealand, before returning to Aberdeen. At the time of his death, Macandrew lived at Vinery Lodge, Cults.
Amongst his works, he was contracted to build Peterhead Prison and various works for the University of Aberdeen, including the library at King's College and the Anatomy Rooms at Marischal College. He designed the Free John Knox Church, Gerard Street, the Free Church in Culsalmond, plus the Aberdeen Hydropathic Establishment, later the Bath Hotel.
Extensive information about Macandrew can be found in his entry on the Dictionary of Scotland Architects 1660-1980 website and in his newspaper obituaries. Glenmuick Parish Church
4223 A photograph looking south from Bridge Street in Ballater towards the front elevation of Glenmuick Parish Church. A small part of Ballater's war memorial can be seen seen on the left.
Glenmuick Parish Church was built in 1873-74 to a design by Aberdeen architect John Russell Mackenzie (1833-1889). Describing its historical importance on their listed buildings portal, Historic Environment Scotland state the following:
"Francis Farquharson, and later his brother William, planned Ballater in the late 18th century, following the discovery that the Pannanich Wells across the River Dee were deemed to have miraculous healing qualities. This led to a steady stream of visitors and Ballater was planned as a village that could house them. The village was based on a rectilinear plan with the church at its centre. This early church was a simple building with a wooden steeple and was built to accommodate the people of the three surrounding parishes - Glengairn, Tullich and Glenmuick. It was consecrated in 1800.
"With Queen Victoria's interest in Balmoral in the 1850s and the arrival of the railway to the town in 1866, Ballater grew more prosperous and the older church was thought not be sufficiently in keeping with the new more prosperous town and the present church was built."
The war memorial in the bottom left, designed by Sir John J. Burnett, commemorates soldiers who died in World War I and II. It was unveiled on 23rd July 1922 (Press & Journal, 24th July 1922).
This image likely dates from the 1970s or 80s. It is a part of a collection of slides donated to Aberdeen City Libraries by Aberdeen City Council's Publicity department. The Square, Fraserburgh
4244 A John Trail of Fraserburgh published postcard with an image looking north from Broad Street showing Saltoun Square. The Old Parish Church and the Town Hall can be seen on the right. Gilcomston Parish Church
80 Gilcomston Parish Church, designed by William Smith in 1771 and his son, John, added the vestry in 1845. It was restored in 1878 by the architects Mackenzie and McMillan. It is now known as Denburn Parish Church. Banner Mill, Aberdeen
381 A drawing of the Banner Mill (Bannermill), from the north, by W. Clerihew and dated 1837.
The accompanying information states that the factory was the property of Thomas Bannerman and was planned by Messers Hewes & Wren and their successors Hewes & Bennet.
Thomas Bannerman, a Dean of Guild of Aberdeen who took an active part in Aberdeen's public life, established the factory in 1827 and its name is taken from him.
The factory, with 100,000 spindles and preparatory machines, was built on the "sandy lands" of Aberdeen adjoining the Queen's Links. This location also gave the Sandilands Chemical Works its name.
In the background of the drawing can be seen the spire of St Clement's Parish Church in Footdee.
The Bannermans were an influential family with long established connections to Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. For more details on their history see an Evening Express article about the factory's closure from the 12th March 1904 issue.
The Bannermans sold the factory in 1850 to Messers Robinson, Crum & Co. Limited. The principal partners in this latter firm were Mr Hardy Robinson of Denmore and Mr Crum, a Renfrewshire millowner. They ran the factory until its closure in 1904. |