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Union Bridge
58 The Denburn looking southward towards and beyond Union Bridge, with the old Bow Brig in the distance and the houses adjacent. The Bow Brig featured largely in the social life of the inhabitants of the area. Note the bleaching green on the right of the print. Illustration taken from a plate drawn by Sir John Carr, 1807 The Aberdeenshire Canal
1789 This drawing shows a barge being pulled by two horses along the Aberdeenshire Canal, with the twin spires of St. Machar Cathedral in the background.
The Aberdeenshire Canal was opened in 1805 and ran for 18 miles from Aberdeen to Port Elphinstone, near Inverurie. It was first proposed in 1795 by various landed proprietors as a means of providing better transport connections for the rural interior of Aberdeenshire.
The new waterway was fed by the River Don and various streams and springs. Barges transported goods and fly boats or gig boats carried passengers.
In 1840, the goods transported included nearly 4000 tons of lime, 5000 tons of coal, 1124 tons of meal, 54 tons of salt, 110 tons of wood, 51 tons of granite, 43 tons of livestock and 8 tons of whisky. Passenger traffic was catered for by two iron boats, which made the trip twice a day in summer and once a day in winter. It cost 2 shillings (10p.) for the full journey or 2d. (about a half pence) per mile.
As a result of the number of locks to be negotiated at the Aberdeen end, passengers disembarked at the Boathouse at Kittybrewster, having completed the journey in 2 and a half hours. Goods traffic was handled by various barges, some of which belonged to the canal company. It took them 10-14 hours to complete their passage to Aberdeen Harbour. There were facilities for changing the horses at Dyce and Kintore.
In his book The Annals of Woodside and Newhills Patrick Morgan remarks that the canal "was a great convenience to the inhabitants, and a luxury to the boys for bathing in summer and skating in winter." There is no mention of girls using the canal for leisure purposes - perhaps they were required to stay at home and help with housework instead.
The canal increased the prosperity of the area that it served but it was never a huge financial success for its owners. Also it was about to be overtaken by a much speedier rival. Its demise as in other parts of the country was largely brought about by the coming of the railways. The Aberdeenshire Canal was bought over by the Great North of Scotland Railway and finally closed in 1854. The company gave £1000 as compensation for depriving the inhabitants of Woodside of the privilege of the Canal and to assist in obtaining a supply of water from other sources.
There is very little physical evidence to remind us that the Aberdeenshire Canal ever existed. However there is one quite substantial remnant which lies close to Great Northern Road - Warrack's Bridge was one of the original canal bridges and looking over the west side of the bridge the curve of the canal bed can clearly be seen. Fidler's Well
2737 A photograph showing a horse drinking from Fidler's Well in Guild Street. The image is taken from the Evening Express of 13th September 1929. It was accompanied by an article detailing the visit to Aberdeen of the grandson of the well's benefactor, Alexander Fidler. The grandson, who lived in Chicago, had visited the public library and learnt much about his ancestor and the well from G. M. Fraser and then visited the Evening Express office.
The article contains information on Dr William Guild, to whom the well is dedicated, Alexander Fidler and his brother John, who ran a well known pie-shop on Shiprow.
The wording on the well's granite basin reads "Dedicated to Dr William Guild. Died 1657. Lammas, A. F."
The inscription on the cast iron fountain is as follows:
"Fountainhall, 1st August 1857.
Water springs for man and beast,
At your service I am here;
Although six thousand years of age,
I am caller, clean, and clear.
Erected for the inhabitants of The World
by
Alexander Fidler."
In this image the well is shown at its 2nd location, outside the Goods Station and opposite what was the Balmoral Temperance Hotel & Restaurant. Ploughing portrait
3355 A photograph showing a young man working an Aberdeenshire field with a plough and two horses.
This photograph was one of three photographs lent to Aberdeen City Libraries by Mr William Finney of Banchory so that we could create and preserve a digital copy for public use. These three photographs were kept by Mr Finney's family and he hopes to find out more about the people shown in them. If you can shed any light on these images please get in touch using the comment button on the left. Mr Finney was born in Turriff and the images likely relate to that area of Aberdeenshire.
The man shown was tentatively idenitied by Mr Finney's father as a Fred Matthews. Though his identity is not known for certain. The location shown is also unknown for sure. The man resembles one of a group of workers from the Pitglassie area shown in another of Mr Finney's images.
This image likely dates from around the 1920s. It is possible that the portion of the card that has been removed at the bottom once gave details of the photographer.
Our current hypothesis is that Mr Finney's three images (that can be found on this site using the following image references: DO03_24, DO03_25 and DO03_26) all relate to involvement in competitive ploughing events, held around the 1920s, by inhabitants of the Pitglassie area in the Parish of Auchterless. Ballater fountain
4225 This photograph shows the commemorative drinking well or fountain located in the centre of Ballater, across the road from the war memorial and Glenmuick Parish Parish.
The plaque on the fountain reads "Presented to Lieut. Col. Farquharson and the inhabitants of Ballater by Hugh Rose, 1884."
Hugh Ross (1807-1888) was the provost of Ballater. James Ross Farquharson of Invercauld (1834-1888) was a prominent land owner and descendant of the founders of Ballater.
The opening of the fountain took place on Wednesday 8th October 1884. An account can be read in the following day's Aberdeen Journal on page 2.
A melancholy accident unfortunately marred the day. At the end of the opening ceremony an old cannon located on Craigendarroch was fired by a Sergeant Charles McLagan of the Ballater Volunteers. Due to the cannon's age the charge burst the gun and severely injured McLagan. He was taken to Aberdeen Royal Infirmary for treatment but died the next morning.
The tree in the foreground of this image looks like a Scots pine or similar. In the background is a partial view of nos. 4 and 6 Hawthorn Place. In between two people can be seen enjoying the sun. One lying on the ground and another reclining on the bench.
This image likely dates from the 1970s or 80s. It is a part of a collection of slides donated to Aberdeen City Libraries by Aberdeen City Council's Publicity department. Union Bridge
17 The Denburn looking southward towards and beyond Union Bridge, with the old Bow Brig in the distance and the houses adjacent. The Bow Brig featured largely in the social life of the inhabitants of the area. Note the bleaching green on the right of the print. Illustration taken from a plate drawn by Sir John Carr, 1807 Treasure 46: The Aberdeen Herald
217 When the first weekly issue of The Aberdeen's Journal was published by James Chalmers in January 1748 who would have guessed it would still be in production today (admittedly with several changes of title and ownership) as The Press and Journal.
The monopoly of The Aberdeen Journal, as it soon became, remained almost unchallenged throughout the eighteenth century but the nineteenth century saw the publication of several competing newspapers. Most of these were short-lived but included The Aberdeen Herald, and General Advertiser for The Counties of Aberdeenshire, Banffshire, and Kincardineshire, which was published between 1832 and 1876.
We hold the first copy of this weekly newspaper in our collections. It was printed and published by George Cornwall, and was issued on Saturday 1 September 1832. It succeeded an earlier paper called The Aberdeen Chronicle which had been in production since 1806. The Aberdeen Journal was seen then as politically neutral but the Herald is described as Whig-Radical and its opening advertisement states "In fact, the chief object of The Aberdeen Herald will be to obtain a cheap, efficient, and patriotic system of Government".
Since the Herald was published on a Saturday while the Journal appeared on Wednesday, it was able to include articles which would have been old news by the following Wednesday and could also provide updates to news from earlier in the week.
The newspaper cost 7d which was far beyond what an ordinary person could pay and restricted readership to the wealthy. This high cost was a result of taxes imposed by the Stamp Act of 1712 which was not abolished until 1855. Papers could then be bought for 1d and there was freedom to produce mass-circulation newspapers with improved text layout.
The front pages of newspapers, even as recently as the early 1900s, did not contain news stories but were filled with adverts - business, theatrical events, shipping, property and public notices. The issue of The Aberdeen Herald for 21 April 1866 contained an advert explaining the change of name for the town of Inverurie. Local historian, Dr Douglas Lockhart, provides the following account of the town's name change.
The market town of Inverurie was one of the fastest growing places in Aberdeenshire during the mid-nineteenth century when its population increased from 735 in 1821 to 2524 in 1871. Many factors contributed to rapid growth at this time including good communications, initially by turnpike roads and the Aberdeenshire Canal to nearby Port Elphinstone, and from the mid-century it lay astride the railway line between Aberdeen, Elgin and Inverness.
Further advantages were the extensive agricultural surroundings, markets and successful local businesses. Surprisingly Alexander Smith in A New History of Aberdeenshire, which was published in 1875, has little to say about the transformation of the town. However, he wrote a lengthy paragraph to describe how 'INVERURIE was, in former times, written Inneraury, Ennerawrie, and Hennerawie, and latterly Inverury' and he notes that the name meant "the confluence of the river of the margin".
On 5 February 1866 the Council met to discuss what appears to have become a growing problem - mail was being sent to Inveraray in Argyllshire because Inverury was not listed by the Post Office as a Post Town. The solution was simple: "return to the ancient spelling of the Burgh as Inverurie and to memorialise the Postmaster General to have it set down on the Lists as a Post Town". The Postmaster agreed to the name change and the scene was set on 19 April for the Council to discuss advertising the new arrangements. The wording of an advertisement was approved and it was decided to place it in the Edinburgh Gazette, Aberdeen Journal, Aberdeen Free Press, Aberdeen Herald and Banffshire Journal and "to endeavour to get the Railway Company to alter the spelling of the Station in their Tables".
Inverury officially became Inverurie the following day and on 21 April The Aberdeen Herald announced the change of name in the advertising columns of its front page. The Banffshire Journal in addition to printing the advertisement also published a glowing report on building activity in the burgh and noted that "within the memory of living inhabitants [the town] has been thoroughly regenerated".
Aberdeen Local Studies holds files of many local newspapers on microfilm, including the Aberdeen Herald and the Free Press. A digitised partial file is also available on the British Newspaper Archive which can be freely consulted online in the Central Library using your library card. Treasure 77: The Castle Spectre, 1876 - 1888
288 One of our treasures this month is a rare periodical known as The Castle Spectre. It is unusual as it was printed and published by a Victorian family from their home at 'The Castle', 6 Mackie Place, and later from 'The Galleries' on Skene Street West, and offers an insight into the lives of a middle-class family in Victorian Aberdeen. The copy on display was gifted to the library by the editor, Alexander D Forbes in 1888, and includes a handwritten letter to the City Librarian at the time.
It not only contains amateur poetry, literature, and social and religious commentary, but also sheds a light on a forgotten and mysterious dwelling place in the heart of the city. The area in question is the land behind Skene Street, encompassing Mackie Place, and the grounds of three old houses long since demolished by the Denburn - Cherry Vale, 'The Galleries', and the White House, also known as 'The Castle'.
As long as 'The Castle' at 6 Mackie Place existed (it was built towards the end of the 18th or beginning of the 19th century, according to various reports) it was described as being haunted. No accounts mention a specific ghost, but the eccentricities of the occupant and his young family helped to fuel the reputation for the Castle's hauntings. The first issue of The Castle Spectre (October 21, 1876) states:
"We are the dwellers in that house in the neighbourhood of Skene Street known to the "oldest inhabitants" as the Haunted House, to younger inhabitants as the Castle, and to the Post Office as No.6 Mackie Place. In former days we were "desp'rate wicked". We dressed ourselves in white sheets, and popped out upon passers by, frightening them into fits. We used to scoop out the largest turnips?and having cut out slices to represent eyes, nose, and mouth, light candles in them, and stick them on poles in hedges?We used to lie behind low walls and growl like bears, or caterwaul like cats, whenever any weakly-looking person was passing?In short, we were the terror of the neighbourhood."
View the Treasures from our Collections interactive exhibition on the touchscreens in Central, Airyhall, Tillydrone and Mastrick libraries to find out more about the spooky publication and mysterious Mackie Place. Notice To the Heritors and Inhabitants of Aberdeen.
434 A notice calling for a general meeting of pollable citizens in the Record Hall. The meeting concerns some form of written offence given to Aberdeen's Chief Magistrate as he was on his way to church. The meeting sought to discover the author's identity and to establish a punishment.
The broadside is dated 28th September 1818 and was printed by D. Chalmers & Co. In Presence of the Provost, Bailies and Council of Aberdeen. Infirmary
438 A broadside detailing a meeting of the Provost, Ballies and Council of Aberdeen on 18th November 1741. The notice starts by recognising the recent completion of the new infirmary for Aberdeen, this would have been that established at Woolmanhill, and details its general operation.
The notice then outlines a proposal from the Provost to extent the usefulness of the new hospital to, not just the inhabitants of the town, but also those of the counties of Aberdeen, Banff and Mearns. It is suggested the physicians based in the town are able to provide assistance not available in said counties.
It is proposed that the nobles, gentlemen and heritors of the counties be invited to contribute a regular amount to enable this extension of purpose. It is suggested they should have no difficulty raising this amount from the rent of their tenants as it would be the "tenants, sub-tenants and lower sort of person" who would benefit from access to the hospital.
The notice concludes by stating that any person who contributes a lump sum of twenty five pound sterling, or five pound sterling per annum, to the hospital will be able to become one of its directors and that this is how the institution's governance will be arranged.
The Provost at the time would have been Alexander Robertson of Glasgoego (1702-1775).
This broadside from 1741 was compiled by Robert Thomson. Strangers and vagrants
476 A broadside from 17th November 1746 forbidding the inhabitants of the Burgh to lodge any strangers without notifying their presence and identity to the magistrates, so that "their Condition, Quality and Business may be known."
This measure was taken in response to several crimes committed by unknown persons and there was a fine of twenty pound Scots per transgression for those who did not respect the ordinance.
It is interesting to note that the order did not apply to the Country People who came to Town to provide food for inhabitants or soldiers. This would have been a regular occurrence. Act, for a voluntar Contribution tovvards the building and reparing of the Harbour of Aberdeen
485 This act was issued in Edinburgh on 7th July 1682. It regards rebuilding and repairing Aberdeen's harbour.
The act tells us that Aberdeen's magistrates and town-council had petitioned the King's Privy Council over rebuilding the harbour. They argue that Aberdeen's considerable maritime trade needs a functioning harbour. The weather was preventing them from managing their harbour. They speak of the banks of the River Dee being washed away by currents. They announce that they need a bulwark along the north shore to match that of the south shore. This would cost at least £1,000, roughly the equivalent price of 230 cows, or £230,000 in today's money. They justify their request by saying that they rarely burden their neighbours.
The act continues by saying that the King's Privy Council accept the petition for a 'voluntar Contribution' to be collected for the harbour. They also say that they will recommend to ministers, archbishops and bishops to contribute to the fund. The broadside is signed by Wil Paterson and was printed in Edinburgh by the heir of Andrew Anderson, printer to the King.
Aberdeen's harbour was established in 1136 by King David I of Scotland. In the mid-eighteenth century, it was ransacked by both English and Scottish forces. It was not until 1773, the best part of a century later, that improvements on the harbour begun in earnest. Before this act, through the seventeenth century, the harbour was continuously worked on. The wharf, for instance, was expanded eastward from 1623 through to 1659. The harbour remained dangerous and difficult to access due to a sand bar across its entrance. At high and low tide, the depth ranged from two to fifteen feet of water. Floods were common, and ships were sometimes swept out to sea. (Victoria Elizabeth Clark, The Port of Aberdeen (1921), pp. 47-49.) Brief Scene From A Drama
491 This satirical broadside presents the first act of a drama probably realised by a private citizen to denounce a current political issue. The first character of the drama, called "Ed.", sees no solution other than death to escape disgrace. He has not been able to prevent the "vile Duncan" from obtaining the favour of the people, despite Ed.'s numerous efforts. A High Civic Dignitary (whose name is "P--t") and his Clique, represented as rather naïve, try to ascertain whether Ed. is effectively deceased.
Unfortunately, since this document lacks a date or proper names, it is hard to understand exactly what matter it is addressing. The words "Links", "Duncan", "petition", "train" suggest that the broadside may refer to a rivalry between two competing railway companies' directors which occurred in 1856. Mr. Duncan (John Duncan), mentioned twice by the first character, had appealed to the public to obtain permission to build his railway line on the Links. He was denounced by his opponent for not having followed the legitimate procedure of lodging a Parliament Plan. More details on the question can be found in a broadside from our collection titled "Taking Lawless Possession", available here. Taking lawless possession
493 This broadside, dated 13th June 1856, relates to a rivalry between two competing railway companies' directors, James Adam, the author of the document, and John Duncan, his opponent. The Aberdeen Journal referred to this quarrel as "the case of the rival Buchan lines", begun in April that year. Both Mr. Adam's scheme, the "Formartine and Buchan line", and Mr. Duncan's, the "Aberdeen, Peterhead, and Fraserburgh scheme", failed to obtain permission to proceed until 1858, when Mr. Adam finally succeeded.
The broadside specifically addresses the question of the Links Branch, included in Mr. Duncan's scheme. According to the Aberdeen Journal, the Head Court of the inhabitants was meant to express its opinion on the matter on Saturday 14th June. Apparently, Mr. Duncan wanted to act before obtaining an approval from the Magistrates, and issued a Hand-Bill to complain of having been prevented from "staking off what he says are the Boundaries of his Line on the Links". Mr. Adam accused Mr. Duncan of being a "Dictator of Public Opinion" and reminds him that he cannot proceed without officially lodging a Parliamentary Plan.
Mr. Duncan tried to bypass the Magistrates appealing to the public opinion for his advantage, and was therefore publicly denounced by Mr. Adam. This document provides an interesting instance of how dynamics between private citizens and authorities worked in relation to public matters. City Election. At the numerous and highly respectable Meeting of the Burgesses, Heritors, Merchants, and Inhabitants of the City of Aberdeen
508 This broadside likely dates to June or July 1832, as it refers to a city council meeting on 26th June 1832. The meeting was attended by burgesses (a guild of inhabitants of the Burgh), monied people, merchants and general inhabitants of Aberdeen. The meeting was held at the Royal Hotel and regarded the motion of Captain Carmichael. This was likely Robert Carmichael, captain of 42nd regiment, resident of Union Terrace (City of Aberdeen, and its Vicinity, 1831-1832, p. 23).
Alexander Crombie (1762-1840), a highly successful teacher, chaired the meeting. The meeting aimed to pass motions in support of James Hadden, provost of Aberdeen, in anticipation of his election bid for the Aberdeen seat in the House of Commons. This was a new seat, formed after the 1832 Scottish Reform Act.
For the prior three decades, the Hadden family had dominated local Aberdeen politics. However, in the run up to 1832, they were coming under increasing pressure from pro-reform Whigs, notably Alexander Bannerman. Bannerman made a variety of allegations against Hadden regarding his practices in local government. The Tories supported Hadden, but in the end he withdrew from the race, and Bannerman was elected to the new seat unopposed (W. Hamish Fraser and Clive H. Lee, Aberdeen 1800-2000: A New History, pp. 178-180).
The motion of the meeting suggested supporting Hadden, celebrating his work in the local council over the decades. The motion was carried. In his speech after the motion, Hadden professes support for necessary reform of the structure of burghs (constituencies), associated with the forthcoming Scottish Reform Act. The meeting thus formed a committee for arranging Haden's election campaign.
This broadside was printed by J. Davidson & Co. of Aberdeen. Links Encroachment
509 This broadside, entitled 'Links Encroachment' and a reprint of the 21st June 1856 edition of the Aberdeen Herald, refers to a dispute between two rival railway company directors, James Adam and John Duncan. Duncan desired to create an Aberdeen to Peterhead and Fraserburgh railway line, whilst Adam wanted a Formartine and Buchan line. The broadside dates to 1856, a year of fierce debates over the future of the railways. Permission was only granted for the construction of a line in 1858, and was awarded to Adam.
Duncan's line was particularly controversial for it desired to be built into the area known as the Links. Duncan had tried to begin construction before the inhabitants of the Links had discussed the issue. This caused uproar amongst the Links' inhabitants, particularly as Duncan was required to follow parliament's say on the matter before beginning construction himself. This broadside details the matter. Duncan is elsewhere denounced, here, for providing false information about the return value of his project for investors. This broadside lists attendees of a committee in support of Duncan's construction plans. It criticises Duncan's party for enlarging the real number of attendees at the meeting. Grand reform meeting held at Aberdeen, 18th May 1832
530 A colourised lithographed sketch of the Grand Reform Meeting that took place on Broad Hill, Aberdeen on Friday 18th May 1832.
Popular and parliamentary support for electoral reform had been growing across the United Kingdom in this period. At the time, only a small number of wealthy landowners had the right to vote, the franchise was geographically inconsistent, and the representation by members of parliament was out-dated.
This Aberdeen meeting, like many that took place around the country at the time, was organised following the House of Lords blocking the Third Reform Bill of Prime Minister Charles Grey (1764-1845), 2nd Earl Grey, and the subsequent resignation of Grey and his Whig ministers.
Newspaper accounts of the meeting indicate that attendees had just learnt that the Duke of Wellington (1769-1852), a Tory opponent to reform, had been unable to form a government following the resignation of the Whigs and an invitation from King William IV, and that the monarch had recalled Earl Grey.
Organised by prominent local supporters of electoral reform, the Reform Committee, the meeting agreed seven resolutions for presentation to parliament including the following: consternation at the bill not being passed, support of Earl Grey and colleagues, agreement to withholding national supplies (funding) from the government until the bill is passed, and that Joseph Hume (1777-1855), then MP for Middlesex, present the petition instead of the member for the Aberdeen boroughs, Horatio Ross (1801-1886), who was accused of backsliding on reform.
The report in the following day's Aberdeen Chronicle newspaper suggest the meeting was attended by 30,000 to 40,000 people. The Tory-leaning Aberdeen Journal, in its issue of Wednesday 23rd May 1832, page 2, gives an estimate of 15,000 to 20,000.
Contingents of various trades began to muster at Union Street West at about 1.30pm. A large procession proceeded east along the street and were joined by the Reform Committee from the Royal Hotel, 63 Union Street, located just after the junction with Market Street.
The full procession, with the Committee at its head and joined by deputations from the country, travelled to the Links via Castle Street, King Street, Frederick Street and Constitution Street. Several bands accompanied the procession and there were a large number of banners with reform slogans.
On the motion of Reverend William Jack (1768-1854), principal of King's College, Sir Michael Bruce of Stenhouse and Scotstown (1798-1862) was called to chair the meeting. John Angus (1799-1878), an advocate and later Town Clerk of Aberdeen, was the secretary.
Speakers included General Andrew Leith Hay of Rannes (1785-1862), Alexander Bannerman (1788-1864), Sir John Forbes of Craigievar (1785-1846), Alexander Blackie, banker, Thomas Burnett, younger of Leys (1778-1849), John M. Gerrard of Midstrath, Alexander Kilgore, surgeon, James Forbes of Echt, Alexander Stronach of Drumallan, James Nicol, advocate, William Allardyce, wine merchant, Harry Leith Lumsden of Auchindour, William Moir of Park and Alexander Forbes of Ainslie.
Both the account in the Aberdeen Chronicle and the speeches on the day remark on the disruptive potential of the crowd, under circumstances of reform not being progressed. Though the speakers urged those in attendance to continue in a peaceful manner.
Some speakers compared the fight for electoral reform to that for religious freedom in Scotland. There is explicit and repeated support given for William VI, but the Duke of Wellington is considered an inappropriate progressor of reform. The return of Earl Grey is promoted.
Faced with the prospect of William VI ennobling new Whig members of the House of Lords, Tory opponents of the Third Reform Bill abstained from votes and it passed through the upper house. The Representation of the People Act 1832 was given royal assent on 7th June 1832, and its Scottish equivalent around the same time, and came into law.
The Act was a substantial reform of Britain's antiquated electoral system, redistributing seats and changing the conditions of the franchise, but still left most people without the vote. Subsequent popular and parliamentary politics would led to further legislation and the fuller suffrage of modern times.
Document dimensions: 26 x 40 cm. |